1. Biotechnology:

   • Definition: The application of biological processes and organisms to develop or create products or technologies.

   • Example: The company is a leader in biotechnology research, focusing on genetic engineering.

2. Nanotechnology:

   • Definition: The study and manipulation of matter at the nanoscale, often involving materials and structures at the molecular level.

   • Example: Nanotechnology has revolutionized the electronics industry by enabling smaller and more powerful devices.

3. Artificial Intelligence (AI):

   • Definition: The simulation of human intelligence in machines that can learn, reason, and perform tasks autonomously.

   • Example: AI technology is widely used in voice recognition, image processing, and data analysis.

4. Renewable Energy:

   • Definition: Energy derived from natural sources that can be replenished, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.

   • Example: The country is investing heavily in renewable energy projects to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels.

5. Cybersecurity:

   • Definition: Measures and technologies used to protect computer systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access and attacks.

   • Example: Companies hire cybersecurity experts to safeguard their sensitive information from hackers.

6. Aerospace Engineering:

   • Definition: The branch of engineering that deals with the design and development of aircraft and spacecraft.

   • Example: The aerospace engineering team is working on designing the next-generation space shuttle.

7. Neuroscience:

   • Definition: The scientific study of the nervous system, including the brain and nervous tissues, and their functions.

   • Example: Neuroscience research has contributed to a better understanding of brain-related diseases.

8. Biomedical Engineering:

   • Definition: The application of engineering principles to design and develop medical devices and technologies.

   • Example: Biomedical engineers work on projects like artificial organs and medical imaging equipment.

9. Quantum Physics:

   • Definition: The branch of physics that deals with the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic level.

   • Example: Quantum physics has led to the development of quantum computing and quantum cryptography.

10. Environmental Science:

    • Definition: The study of the environment and its interactions with living organisms, including ecology and conservation.

    • Example: Environmental scientists work to address environmental issues like pollution and climate change.

11. Robotics:

    • Definition: The study and development of robots and automated machines that can perform tasks without human intervention.

    • Example: Robotics has applications in manufacturing, healthcare, and exploration.

12. Genetics:

    • Definition: The study of genes and heredity, and their role in determining the characteristics of living organisms.

    • Example: Advances in genetics have contributed to personalized medicine and gene editing technologies.

13. Big Data Analytics:

    • Definition: The process of examining large datasets to uncover patterns, correlations, and insights that inform decision-making.

    • Example: Companies use big data analytics to optimize their marketing strategies and improve customer experiences.

14. International Relations:

    • Definition: The study of the interactions and relationships between countries and their governments.

    • Example: Diplomats play a crucial role in maintaining peaceful international relations.

15. Geology:

    • Definition: The study of the Earth's structure, materials, and processes, including the study of rocks, minerals, and fossils.

    • Example: Geologists study seismic activity to understand earthquake patterns and predict potential risks.

16. Microbiology:

    • Definition: The study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and their effects on living organisms.

    • Example: Microbiologists are essential in researching infectious diseases and developing vaccines.

17. Linguistics:

    • Definition: The scientific study of language, including its structure, development, and use in different cultures.

    • Example: Linguists study how languages evolve over time and how they are influenced by social factors.

18. Astrophysics:

    • Definition: The branch of physics that deals with the behavior and properties of celestial objects and the universe as a whole.

    • Example: Astrophysicists study phenomena such as black holes, supernovae, and the expansion of the universe.

19. Finance and Investment:

    • Definition: The management of money and assets, including the study of financial markets and investment strategies.

    • Example: Finance professionals help individuals and organizations make sound investment decisions.

20. Criminology:

    • Definition: The scientific study of crime, criminals, and the criminal justice system.

    • Example: Criminologists analyze crime statistics to develop strategies for crime prevention.

By familiarizing yourself with these specialized field-related terms and using them appropriately in your discussions or writing, you can demonstrate a strong grasp of academic vocabulary and enhance your communication skills for achieving a higher band score in the IELTS exam. Good luck with your studies!